S3EF-HBCAs: Secure and Sustainable Software Engineering Framework for Healthcare Blockchain Applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v6.286Keywords:
blockchain architecture, ethics, privacy, engineering for blockchain, framework for blockchain, security, smart contract, software framework, sustainabilityAbstract
Blockchain applications in healthcare have grown rapidly and it includes record keeping, clinical trials, medical supply chains, patient monitoring, etc. where Blockchain characteristics are needed to improve safety, privacy, and security. Blockchain Technology is one of the biggest disruptive technologies today. However, Porru, et. al (2017) have reported it lacks processes, tools, and techniques. Therefore, this paper provides a systematic framework for a secure and sustainable software engineering framework for healthcare blockchain applications. Secure and Sustainable Software Engineering Framework for Healthcare Blockchain Applications (S3EF-HBCA) significant contribution includes requirements engineering for healthcare, business process modelling for healthcare, domain modelling for healthcare, a reference architecture for healthcare, and validation by case study on Electronic Healthcare Record Management System (EHR), and simulation with Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) tools. The simulation shows it has taken 10.45 minutes to process 100 instances of real-time data and service requests. The overall result shows encouragement in terms of process, tools, standards, and testing.
Downloads
References
Porru S, Pinna A, Marchesi M, Tonelli R. Blockchain-oriented software engineering: challenges and new directions [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2023 October 10]. Available from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313844963
CompTIA. Blockchain terminology: a glossary for beginners [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 September 24]. Available from: https://connect.comptia.org/content/articles/blockchain-terminology
Banafa A. Blockchain technology and applications. New York, NY: River Publishers; 2020.
Destefanis G, Marchesi M, Ortu M, Tonelli R. Smart contracts vulnerabilities: a call for blockchain software engineering?, 2018 International Workshop on Blockchain Oriented Software Engineering (IWBOSE), Campobasso, Italy, 2018.
Beller M, Hejderup J. Blockchain-based software engineering. Technical report. Delft University of Technology; 2018.
Chung L, do Prado Leite JCS. On non-functional requirements in software engineering. In: Conceptual modeling: Foundations and applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009, pp. 363–379.
Agbo CC, Mahmoud QH, Eklund JM. Blockchain technology in healthcare: a systematic review. Healthcare, MDPI 2019;7(2):56. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7020056
Mayer AH, da Costa CA, Righi RDR. Electronic health records in a blockchain: a systematic review. Health Inform J. 2019;26(1):146045821986635. https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458219866350
Christidis M, Devetsikiotis M. Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things. 2016. IEEEAccess, Digital Object Identifier.
Khezr S, Moniruzzaman Md, Yassine A, Benlamri R. Blockchain technology in healthcare: a comprehensive review and directions for future research. Appl Sci. 2019;9(9):1736. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091736
Hasselgren A, Kralevska K, Gligoroski D, Pedersen SA, Faxvaag A. Blockchain in healthcare and health sciences—a scoping review. Int J Med Inform. 2020;134:104040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.104040
Tang Y, Xiong J, Becerril Arreola R, Lakshmi L. Blockchain ethics research: a conceptual model. SIGMIS-CPR ‘19, June 20–22, 2019, Nashville, TN.
De Filippi P, Wright A. Blockchains, bitcoin, and decentralized computing platforms. In Blockchain and the law: The rule of code (pp. 13–32). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 2018.
Giungato P, Rana R, Tarabella A, Tricase C. Current trends in sustainability of bitcoins and related blockchain technology. Sustainability. 2017;9(12):2214. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122214
Viriyasitavat W, Hoonsopon D. Blockchain characteristics and consensus in modern business processes. J Indust Inform Integr. 2019;13:32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2018.07.004
Hakak S, Khan WZ, Gilkar GA, Imran M, Guizani N. Securing smart cities through blockchain technology: architecture, requirements, and challenges. IEEE Netw. 2020;34(1):8–14. https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.001.1900178
Vacca A, Di Sorbo A, Visaggio CA, Canfora G. A systematic literature review of blockchain and smart contract development: techniques, tools, and open challenges. J Syst Soft. 2021;174:110891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2020.110891
Ramachandran M. Software security engineering: design and applications. New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers; 2012.
Dzhalila D, Siahaan D, Fauzan R, Asyrofi R, Karimi MI. A systematic review on blockchain technology in software engineering. J ELTIKOM J Teknik Elektro. 2023;7(1):38–49. https://doi.org/10.31961/eltikom.v7i1.725
Mean NR, Stehney T. Security quality requirements engineering (SQUARE) methodology. ACM SIGSOFT Soft Eng Notes. 2005;30:1–7.https://doi.org/10.1145/1082983.1083214
Feist J, Grieco G, Groce A. Slither: a static analysis framework for smart contracts. IEEE/ACM 2nd International Workshop on Emerging Trends in Software Engineering for Blockchain (WETSEB), 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/WETSEB.2019.00008
Singh I, Lee S-W. RE_BBC: requirements engineering in a blockchain-based cloud– (BBC) system. 2020.
Khatter K, Relan D. Non-functional requirements for blockchain enabled medical supply chain. Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag. 2022;13:1219–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13198-021-01418-y
Pressman R. Software engineering: A practitioner’s approach. 8th edn. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
Ramachandran M. Software components: guidelines and applications. New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers; 2008.
Lamsweerde AV. Requirements engineering: From system goals to UML models to software specifications. Hauppauge, NY: Wiley; 2009.
Shoaib M, Zhang S, Ali HA. Bibliometric study on blockchain-based supply chain: a theme analysis, adopted methodologies, and future research agenda. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2023;30:14029–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24844-2
Smiraglia R. Domain analysis for knowledge organization ([edition unavailable]) [Internet]. Elsevier Science; 2015 [cited 2023 October 10]. Available from: https://www.perlego.com/book/1831380/domain-analysis-for-knowledge-organization-tools-for-ontology-extraction-pdf
Sommerville I. Software engineering. 10th ed. Paramus, NJ: Pearson; 2015.
Lardo A, Corsi K, Varma A, Mancini D. Exploring blockchain in the accounting domain: a bibliometric analysis. Account Audit Accountabil J. 2022;35(9):204–233. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-10-2020-4995
Gupta D. Service point estimation model for SOA Based Projects [Internet]. 2013. Available from: http://servicetech
Swan M. Blockchain blueprint for a new economy. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reily; 2015.
Raval S. Decentralized applications: Harnessing bitcoin’s blockchain technology. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly; 2016.
Siegel D. Understanding the DAO attack [Internet]. 2016. CoinDesk. [cited 2023 October 10]. Available from: http://www.coindesk.com/understanding-dao-hack-journalists/
Takagi S. Organizational impact of blockchain through decentralized autonomous organizations. IJEPS. 2017;12:22–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03405767
Marchesi M, Marchesi L, Tonelli R. An Agile software engineering method to design blockchain applications, Software Engineering Conference Russia (SECR 2018) [Internet]. Moscow, Russia, October 12–13, 2018 [cited 2023 October 10]. Available from: https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1809/1809.09596.pdf
Ekblaw A, Azaria A, Halamka JD, Lippman A. A case study for blockchain in healthcare: “medrec” prototype for electronic health records and medical research data [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2023 October 10]. Available from: https://www.media.mit.edu/publications/medrec-whitepaper/
HER. The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC), What is an Electronic Health Record (EHR)? [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 October 11]. [cited 2023 October 10]. Available from: https://www.healthit.gov/faq/what-electronic-health-record-ehr
Chang V, Yian Chen Y, Xu QA, Xiong C. Evaluation and comparison of various business process management tools. Int J Bus Inform Syst. 2023;43(3):281–308. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIS.2023.132065
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Muthu Ramachandran, PhD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright of their work, with first publication rights granted to Blockchain in Healthcare Today (BHTY). Read the full Copyright Statement.